They said that the good student is the one that exceeds the master: and that's what Aristotle did, he was the student of Plato. He modify de Platonic philosophy.
Plato was an idealist, he believed that the most important was the purity and the perfection of the ideas, withoutu the importance of matter. Aristotle considered that the senses and especially the view were fundamental to acces to reality.
Both have diferences in their fundamental concept. To Plato the ideas existed as the mos true and absolut. And for Aristotle that abstract ideas not existed and they have to be linked to other materials.
The philosophic view of Aristotle was the fact of consulting the reality through the senses, to get to knownledge, was know as Empiricism.
Matter and Form
But there was, off course, besides the differences, between the two great philosophers indentities. Both believed that the knownledge must respond to the ¿why? of the phenomena that are studied and must distinguish the esential from the coincidental
To the preplatonics philosophers and to Plato, the substance was more important than the form. And for Aristotle, bases on the senses, was more important the form and he matter that the platonic idea of the substance.
Soul
The idea of the soul that exists in the Christianity has been taked from Plato. He tought that the soul existed independently of the body, that it was inmortal and that only humans have soul.
Aristotle thought that the soul was something that allowed the functions of our body like, breathing, the memory, emotions and the same perception of the reality. The concept of Aristotle is closer to the modern sicology and is similar to what we call now mind.
The Eudaimonia
The word comes form "eu" which means good, nice, armonic, and "daimon" which means espirit. So, it is an armonic and happy spirit. Somehow, it is the big dream of the humans: happiness, peace, succes.. these are some important elements that are part of the eudaimonia but thye are not the eudaimonia. Define and how to achieve eudaimonia is another problem.
The virtue
It consists in adapt our emotions to the circunstances and always do the right thing, it means , the racional. If a person feels the tentation of misbehave, and do it, he or she won't find happiness in a long time. but on the other hand if the person all the time refuse temptations, his life will not be pleasant. The best is not to be tentate by the bad. This is what Aristotle call the virtuouse activity of the soul.
Ethics
Aristotle raises the ethic of the virtue, which is already defined. Besides the other one, the consequentialism which means, meditate in the consecuences of our acts. And the deontology afirms that we must act according to the rules, without having consecuences.
The polict
One of his most famous phrases is: " Man is a political animal" . The base of the convivence in the polis. "politic" derives form this word. The human being must work in favor to the polis, wchis means the collectivity and the polis must offer to the human being the conditions to reach the eudaimonia.
